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Know About the Two Basic Types of Fuel Pumps

• Posted by Magnum Switchgear  September 2, 2020 Filed in Business #Star Delta Starter manufacturers  69 views
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  The fuel pump is an important part of the vehicle fuel supply. Most vehicles have an engine at the front of the car and a fuel tank at the other. The main function of the fuel pump is to draw fuel from the tank and push it into the engine.

  Although some older designs did not require a fuel pump, it is an essential component in many of the latest non-gravity engines and is often referred to as the "heart of the vehicle". In this article we will discuss the two main types and their advantages over each other.

  Type of fuel pump

  • Mechanical: There are two types of mechanical pumps - old mechanical pumps and new GDI pumps.

  o Older mechanical mechanisms: found on some older engine models with carburetors. The pump pulls fuel from the tank and pushes it towards the carburetor while the engine is running. Your outlet pressure is quite low - 4 to 10 psi. These low pressure pumps are often installed on top of the engine.

  o New GDI High Pressure Pumps - The advent of the Direct Injection (GDI) system which can deliver fuel at very high pressure creates a high pressure camshaft fuel pump. This high pressure pump can deliver fuel pressures of up to 2000 psi and higher and helps the GDI engine achieve better fuel economy with high performance and reduced emissions.

  • Electricity: The electric fuel pump is used in the fuel injection system (introduced before the GDI system) to pump fuel from the fuel tank to the injectors. They typically deliver fuel at 30 to 85 psi to the fuel injectors, which then open and inject pressurized fuel into the engine. Unlike the old mechanics, the electric fuel pump was usually located in or near the fuel tank.

  There are currently a variety of electric fuel pumps available in the market for various applications, such as:

  o Roller Paddle Pump: This is a positive displacement pump which consists of a vane / vane to force gas through the pump. They are widely used in large trucks as well as diesel vehicles.

  Turbine pumps: they are not positive displacement pumps. You have an impeller ring on the motor which has a blade to push the fuel through the pump. These pumps run smoothly and silently and are mainly used in newer vehicles.

  o Gerotor Pump: This is another positive displacement pump that uses a compensating rotor to move fuel through the pump. They are used in passenger cars.

  o Electromagnetic pumps: They use a plunger activated by an electromagnetic coil to create pressure to help fuel flow. They have many uses and are considered a universal type of electric fuel pump.

   

  o Peripheral pumps: They have impellers that suck in and push the fuel. This is the standard pump type used in many vehicles. Although they work much more quietly, they create limited pressure.

  Brushless Pump: This pump has a fuel inlet and outlet where the fuel mechanism is positioned with a dynamo to pump pressurized fuel from the inlet to the outlet. Brushless pumps are commonly used in diesel engines.

  • Advantages of electric versus mechanical fuel pumps

  o Smaller and lighter: Compared to the old mechanical low pressure pump, the electric pump is small and light. Thanks to their compact size, they can easily fit into the fuel tank. In addition, the use of small devices reduces the electrical load and thereby controls fuel consumption. However, electric pumps are a bit expensive.

  o Ability to deliver fuel at higher pressures: older mechanical pumps provide pressures as low as 4 to 10 psi, electric pumps can deliver gasoline at pressures typically between 30 and 85 psi. The fuel injection system requires gasoline to be dispensed under high pressure. However, the new types of high pressure mechanical pumps used in GDI systems can produce higher pressures of up to 2000-3000 psi.

  o Improved safety: The fuel injection system has a special device called the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) which controls the performance of the fuel pump. It is specifically programmed to shut off the fuel pump when low or zero pressure is detected. This safety function avoids the risk of fire in the engine compartment in the event of a collision or terminal damage. Since the mechanical fuel pump does not have this function, the electric pump is considered safer.

  o Extremely durable: The presence of a pump in the tank means that it can be cooled by the gasoline flow. This prevents the electric pump from overheating, which is a problem with the mechanical pump (because it is mounted on top of the motor), and thereby extends the life of the electric pump.

  o Alleviation of the vapor locking problem: if the vehicle is not used for a certain period of time, the liquid fuel in the tank will turn to gas, interfering with the operation of the fuel pump, resulting in a loss of supply pressure to the carburetor. Steam resistance was widely used in legacy fuel systems with mechanical low pressure pumps. With an electric pump, it compresses the fuel lines and prevents vapors from clogging because the pump is in the tank and runs cooler.

   

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